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説明

Aristolochic Acid is an alkaloid that was originally derived from Aristolochia radix. This compound is a potent PLA2 enzyme inhibitor and also suppresses edema-inducing activity as well as direct and indirect hemolytic activity. Specifically, Aristolochic Acid displays anti-inflammatory activity against edema in mouse foot pads induced by PLA2. Other experiments have shown this agent to be associated with aristolochic acid nephropathy. Mechanistic studies have reported Aristolochic Acid to play a regulatory role towards genes in DNA repair processes and responses to DNA damage stimulus, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. More detailed studies have shown this compound to up-regulate GADD 45β, NAIP genes and down-regulate TP53, PARP1, ERCC1, OGG1/2, MGMT, and ERCC2 genes. Furthermore, a down-regulation of gene expression in anti-oxidant enzymes was also observed by Aristolochic Acid treatment of human kidney tubular cells. These studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a role in the cytotoxicity of Aristolochic Acid.