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Topotecan hydrochloride is a water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, which is the form of hydrochloride of topotecan. It is successfully developed by the SmithKline Beecham US company, and approved by the FDA in the United States in 1996. Its trade name is Hycamtin. It is applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OVC) as the second-line therapy. In 1999 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved topotecan hydrochloride as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) therapeutic drug. It has been available in the UK, Germany, France and other dozens of countries and regions. The Ⅲ clinical trials are ongoing for this medicine which is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome. Topotecan hydrochloride can enter the blood brain barrier. It has the same effect of oral and intravenous injection. The drug has low toxicity predictable bone marrow suppression, and other minor non-hematologic toxicity. Currently there are manufacturers, for clinical treatment of small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and other tumors. Topotecan hydrochloride inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I, which is required for DNA replication. After intravenous injection, the product is hydrolyzed in the blood, and excreted by urinary. This product has a rapid serum clearance rate, which is 62L/h. It is widely distributed in vivo, and Its half-lifetime is about 2~3h. Preclinical trials have shown that the product has anti-tumor activity on all kinds of types of tumor. In I clinical trial, to patients with ovarian cancer that is cisplatin tolerance, this product also has significant anti-tumor effect.