EPN Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
HELLGELBES KRISTALLINES PULVER MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Substanz zersetzt sich beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von giftigen und ?tzenden Rauchen mit Stickoxiden, Phosphoroxiden und Schwefeloxiden. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Die Substanz zersetzt sich unter Einfluss von Basen unter Bildung von p-Nitrophenol (siehe ICSC 0066).
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.1 mg/m?(als TWA) (Einatembare Fraktion) Hautresorption BEI vorhanden Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2008).
MAK: 0.05 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption (H); (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Cholinesterasehemmer. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem mit Kr?mpfen und Atemversagen. Exposition kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit oder Tod führen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Cholinesterasehemmer. Kumulative Wirkung m?glich (s. AKUTE GEFAHREN/SYMPTOME).
LECKAGE
Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t. Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R27/28:Sehr giftig bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
EPN is a light yellow crystalline solid with an
aromatic odor (as a pesticide) or a brown liquid above 36°C
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Yellow to brown crystalline powder with an aromatic-like odor.
Verwenden
EPN is used to control chewing insects, especially lepidopterous
larvae in cotton, rice, fruit and vegetables.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Light yellow crystalline powder with an aromatic odor. Used as an insecticide for cotton and an acaricide.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water. Hydrolyzed by alkali [EPA, 1998].
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Organophosphates, such as EPN, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Hazard
A cholinesterase inhibitor, absorbed by
skin, use may be restricted. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
EPN may be fatal if swallowed. It is poisonous if inhaled and extremely hazardous by skin contact. Repeated exposure may, without symptoms, be increasingly hazardous. The estimated fatal oral dose is 0.3 grams for a 150 lb. (70 kg) person.
Brandgefahr
(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) EPN may burn but does not ignite readily. Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Avoid strong oxidizers. Hydrolyzed by alkali.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Insecticide: Banned for use in the EU. All registered uses of EPN
in the U.S. were canceled by the U.S. EPA on August 31,
1988. Effective June 9, 1993, the U.S. EPA announced the
revocation of all tolerances for residues of the insecticide
Handelsname
NIAGARA®[C]; PIN®; SANTOX®;
TRIPLE KILL T®[C]; VETO®[C]
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. An
experimental teratogen. A cholinesterase
inhibitor. Ths material is extremelyhazardous on contact with skin, inhalation,
or ingestion. A highly toxic insecticide.
When heated to decomposition it emits
highly toxic fumes of SOx, POx, NOx, and
phosphme. See also PARATHION, NITRO
COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS, PHOSPHINE, and
SULFIDES
m?gliche Exposition
EPN is used in preparation of emulsifiable, granular or wettable powder insecticides for cotton.
A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture,
formulation and application of this material.
Environmental Fate
Biological. From the first-order biotic and abiotic rate constants of EPN in estuarine
water and sediment/water systems, the estimated biodegradation half-lives were 6.2 and
9.2 days, respectively (Walker et al., 1988).
Soil. Though no products were reported, the half-life in soil is 15–30 days (Hartley
and Kidd, 1987).
Photolytic. EPN may undergo direct photolysis since the insecticide showed some
absorption when a 1,4-dioxane was irradiated with UV light (l >290 nm) (Gore et al.,
1971).
Chemical/Physical. On heating, EPN is converted to the S-ethyl isomer (Worthing and
Hance, 1991). Releases toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated
to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987; Lewis, 1990). Rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline
solutions to p-nitrophenol, alcohol and benzene thiophosphoric acid (Sittig, 1985).
Stoffwechselwegen
EPN is degraded and deactivated in soil, plants and animals by a series
of hydrolytic, dealkylation and oxidative desulfuration steps, ultimately
to give phenylphosphonate. The metabolic pathway may or may not
proceed via activation to the oxon, which is not usually detected in
appreciable quantities as it metabolically unstable. A detoxification reaction
via reduction of the nitro group to afford amino-EPN has been shown
to take place in anaerobic soil, bacteria and animals. Uncommonly for
organophosphates, hydroxylation of the phenyl ring also occurs in rats
and hens.
Versand/Shipping
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Contact with oxidizers may cause the
release of phosphorous oxides. Contact with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides; may cause the formation of
flammable and toxic phosphine gas. Contact with alkalies
causes decomposition (hydrolysis) producing p-nitrophenol.
Waste disposal
EPN plant wastes are treated
by preaeration, activated sludge treatment; recycle, chlorination and final polishing where additional natural biological stabilization occurs. EPN is also relatively rapidly
hydrolyzed in alkaline solution to benzene thiophosphoric
acid; alcohol and p-nitrophenol and soil burial with alkali
may be used. For large quantities, however, incineration is
recommended. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow
recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following
package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your
regional EPA office.
EPN Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte